I will be calling Comcast this week. What I would like to know is what is the thing called that I need to ask for them to know what I am talking about? How much will the whole thing cost? And will they be able to change it to an IP that I personally need?
What are somethings that they might ask me for information and things that I should be aware of?
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First of all, you obviously have been told that you need a static IP by somebody. This might be because of a security issue: In order for you to login to a remote network somehere, you need to always have the same IP address and they will open the firewall for your machine to get access.
The other reason is that a remote user somewhere (perhaps a tech support person) needs to be able to access your machine remotely and this is infinitely easier if you always have the same IP address.
If you don't have a static IP, Comcast will give you a dynamic IP instead - one that changes every day or so. Since it changes regularly, the applications I mentioned above simply won't work.
When you call Comcast, you simply have to ask for exactly what you told us. Tell them that you want to change to a static IP address for your connection. They'll probably charge you about $10/month more. They will call you when it's in place and they'll tell you what the new IP address is. Don't be surprised if it takes a week before they get all the paperwork in place.